Race Condition

A race condition occurs when multiple processes access and manipulate the same data concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place.

A race condition is of interest to a hacker when the race condition can be utilized to gain privileged system access.

Consider the following code snippet which illustrates a race condition:

if(access("/tmp/datafile",R_OK)==0){
	fd=open("/tmp/datafile
 process(fd);
 close(fd);

This code creates the temporary file /tmp/datafile and then opens it.

The potential race condition occurs between the call to access() and the call to open(). If an attacker can replace the contents of /tmp/datafile between the access() and open() functions, he can manipulate the actions of the program which uses that datafile. This is the race.

It can be difficult to exploit a race condition, because you may have to "run the race" many times before you "win." You may have to run the vulnerable program and the vulnerability testing tool thousands of times before you get the expolit code to execute after the vulnerability opens and before the vulnerability closes. It is sometimes possible to give the attack an extra edge by using `nice` to lower the priority of the legitimate suid program.

Improper use of the function calls access(), chown(), chgrp(), chmod(), mktemp(), tempnam(), tmpfile(), and tmpnam() are the most common causes of race conditions.